Research · proof of work
研究 · 我们做过的功课
Before we service robots we study how they're built, how they get here and what they have to survive. Every note lists its sources, every key number carries a confidence mark, and every drawing is our own. Each note reads in English or 中文.
在为机器人提供运维之前，我们先研究它们是怎么造出来的、怎么运进来的、在这里要经受什么考验。每篇研究都附来源链接，关键数字带有可信度标注，所有图均为自绘。每篇都可切换中英文阅读。
Research notes October 2026
研究笔记 2026 年 10 月
Import and compliance brief
进口与合规指南
The path from a Shenzhen factory to a working robot in five countries: customs classification and duty, who may import, radio approval, product safety and batteries, safety standards, data protection and grants, with a worked landed cost.
一台机器人从深圳工厂到五国现场的完整路径：海关归类与关税、进口商资质、无线电型号核准、电气安全与锂电池、安全标准、数据保护与补贴，并附到岸成本算例。
5 countries74 sources
Read the brief阅读Requirements sheet
工况规范
What a robot has to survive here: 38 °C, 95% humidity, condensation every time it leaves the lobby, 147 mm of rain in an hour, lifts built to the accessibility code, brownouts and five languages, as 24 requirement lines with a test for each.
机器人在这里必须经受的考验：38 °C、95% 湿度、每次离开大堂都会凝露、每小时 147 毫米的暴雨、按无障碍规范建造的电梯、电压骤降和五种语言，写成 24 条要求，每条附测试方法。
24 requirements65 sources
Read the sheet阅读Tracker · live dataset
追踪表 · 持续更新
Every robot deployment we can source in Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam and Thailand, one row per site, one link per row, on a map and filterable, plus the distributors that sell and service robots in each country. Open data, CC BY 4.0.
新加坡、马来西亚、印度尼西亚、越南和泰国所有可查证的机器人部署，每行一个场地、一个来源链接，附地图和筛选，以及各国销售和维护机器人的经销商。开放数据，CC BY 4.0。
78 deployments35 makers33 distributors
Open the tracker打开追踪表Buyer's sheet
买家手册
What a cleaning or delivery robot costs to buy or rent here, what the warranty covers and voids, who repairs it, what breaks, whether it pays against a Singapore or Jakarta wage, and the ten questions to ask before signing.
在这里买或租一台清洁或配送机器人要多少钱，保修覆盖什么、何时失效，谁来修，什么容易坏，对照新加坡或雅加达的工资划不划算，以及签约前要问的十个问题。
6 makers20 sources
Read the sheet阅读Service economics
服务经济学
What elevators, surgical robots, data-centre hardware and industrial arms say about the after-sales economics of robots: where the profit sits, who keeps it, why independents win units and lose value, and what a service robot fleet here can copy.
电梯、手术机器人、数据中心硬件和工业机械臂对机器人售后经济学的启示：利润在哪里、归谁所有、独立服务商为何赢台数却输价值，以及这里的服务机器人机群能复制什么。
91% of Otis profit is service15 sources
Read the note阅读US robots brief
美国机器人简报
Figure, Apptronik, 1X, Tesla, Agility, Boston Dynamics and the brains companies: what exists, who is paying for it, what it costs, how 2025 shipments compare with stated capacity, and what a buyer in Southeast Asia can get today.
Figure、Apptronik、1X、特斯拉、Agility、波士顿动力和"机器人大脑"公司：什么已经存在、谁在付钱、价格多少、2025 年出货量与宣称产能的差距，以及东南亚买家今天能买到什么。
9 makers2025 shipments vs capacity
Read the brief阅读Supply chain map
供应链地图
The Pearl River Delta robot supply chain on one map: which district makes motors, reducers, screws, sensors, batteries and finished robots, 45 component firms with their Chinese names, the makers that buy from them, and the public money behind the cluster.
珠三角机器人供应链一图看懂：哪个区做电机、减速器、丝杠、传感器、电池和整机，45 家零部件企业及其中文名称，向它们采购的整机厂商，以及产业集群背后的政府资金。
45 component firms30 sources
Read the map阅读Primer September 2026 edition
入门读本 2026 年 9 月版
How robots work, part by part: motors and gears, hands and sensors, control and robot brains, how robots fail and get fixed, the robots on the market today and the supply chain behind them.
逐个部件讲清机器人是怎么工作的：电机与齿轮、手与传感器、控制与机器人大脑、机器人如何故障与维修、市面上的机器人以及背后的供应链。
We add notes and datasets here as we publish them. Corrections to info@groundcrewrobotics.com.
新的研究和数据集会陆续发布在这里。更正请发至 info@groundcrewrobotics.com。